The real estate bubble in spain has been Pumped Up by All of Us

The objective of this briefing, based on a more extensive investigation is to show that the Spanish media has played an important role in prolonging the speculation in the real estate sector. For the first time it is proven that the guilt for the crisis in the real estate sector is also up to the media. And not just political influence was implied in the disinformation. Since the two leading general papers have been analyzed (EL MUNDO y EL PAIS), representing the main political ideologies in Spain, it is shown that noone can be blamed we all are responsible for this crisis and we all have to find ways to get out of it.Real estate crisis, Speculation, Moral, Corruption, Media

Logistik als Teilgebiet der BWL: Ein Streifzug durch 50 Jahre Ideengeschichte

Die Logistik als betriebswirtschaftliche Teildisziplin hat sich im Lauf der letzten Jahrzehnte sehr dynamisch entwickelt. Der folgende Beitrag wirft einen Blick auf wesentliche Impulse und Ideengeber und stellt in diesem Zusammenhang 15 Literaturbeiträge vor, die für die Ideengeschichte der Logistik wegweisend waren

Experimental evolution of Paracoccus denitrificans in anoxic chemostats

Natural microbial communities play a central role in ecosystems and global cycles of elements. The microbial community compositions, functions as well as interactions between species and the environment have been studied with increasing effort. However, it is challenging to understand which parameters determine for the success of individual species to survive in a specific habitat. The often highly diverse microbial communities are continuously subjected to environmental stress such as biotic and abiotic fluctuations that cannot be completely tracked. To investigate the influence of different parameters on the ability of microorganisms to adapt to the environment, simple microbial communities, often single species are cultivated in the laboratory under strictly controlled conditions with reduced complexity. Such long-term experiments provide insight into the association between genetic and phenotypic alterations that evolve over hundreds or even thousands of generations. The availability of nutrients often affects microbial growth. This thesis describes the experimental evolution of Paracoccus denitrificans Pd1222, a model denitrifying soil bacterium, to study the adaptation on acetate or nitrate limitation. Initially, nutrient limitation for the anaerobic growth of P. denitrificans was addressed with focus on trace elements (Chapter 2). New trace element solutions were designed based on previous reports and tested to exclude growth limitation or inhibition by these nutrients during long-term cultivation. Improved generation times of 4.4 hours were achieved with a chelated trace element solution and lower concentrations than frequently used media. Chapter 3 describes the adaptive responses of P. denitrificans to acetate and nitrate limitation during experimental evolution in chemostats. In the course of at least 800 generations of P. denitrificans under denitrifying conditions the metabolic conversions of substrates were monitored. For deeper insights into different adaptive mechanisms of P. denitrificans under both conditions we investigated the transcriptomes and genome variations. Throughout the experiment the different treatments led to significantly different substrate conversion rates and transcriptomic profiles. Specifically, in nitrate limited cultures genes of the citric acid cycle and the nitrogen metabolism showed higher transcriptional activities than in acetate limited cultures. In the latter the transcription of genes encoding regulators and transporters was more pronounced. Additionally, more changes in transcriptional activities and in metabolism were observed over time than under nitrate limitation. Most notably, denitrification became more efficient resulting in the depletion of nitrite that accumulated in the culture during the first 500 generations. Although numerous mutations were detected in DNA obtained from this culture, they could not be related to the observed phenotypic changes. In all cultures the types and numbers of genetic variations did not considerably differ. The study indicated that P. denitrificans had a stronger potential to adapt to acetate limitation than to nitrate limitation and underlines the capacity of this bacterium to improve denitrification even in absence of environmental fluctuations. The possible explanation that phenotypic changes may have been independent of genetic variations is discussed in Chapter 4. The relevance of the insights gained in this study for natural, in particular denitrifying communities is presented and future studies towards the understanding of natural microbial community functions are suggested

Bicycle helmet use and non-use - recently published research

Bicycle traumata are very common and especially neurologic complications lead to disability and death in all stages of the life. This review assembles the most recent findings concerning research in the field of bicycle traumata combined with the factor of bicycle helmet use. The area of bicycle trauma research is by nature multidisciplinary and relevant not only for physicians but also for experts with educational, engineering, judicial, rehabilitative or public health functions. Due to this plurality of global publications and special subjects, short time reviews help to detect recent research directions and provide also information from neighbour disciplines for researchers. It can be stated that to date, that although a huge amount of research has been conducted in this area more studies are needed to evaluate and improve special conditions and needs in different regions, ages, nationalities and to create successful prevention programs of severe head and face injuries while cycling. Focus was explicit the bicycle helmet use, wherefore sledding, ski and snowboard studies were excluded and only one study concerning electric bicycles remained due to similar motion structures within this review. The considered studies were all published between January 2010 and August 2011 and were identified via the online databases Medline PubMed and ISI Web of Science

Car indoor air pollution - analysis of potential sources

The population of industrialized countries such as the United States or of countries from the European Union spends approximately more than one hour each day in vehicles. In this respect, numerous studies have so far addressed outdoor air pollution that arises from traffic. By contrast, only little is known about indoor air quality in vehicles and influences by non-vehicle sources. Therefore the present article aims to summarize recent studies that address i.e. particulate matter exposure. It can be stated that although there is a large amount of data present for outdoor air pollution, research in the area of indoor air quality in vehicles is still limited. Especially, knowledge on non-vehicular sources is missing. In this respect, an understanding of the effects and interactions of i.e. tobacco smoke under realistic automobile conditions should be achieved in future

Model simulations and comparison with pollen-based reconstructions

This study is concerned with vegetation modelling in northern Asia and its comparison with pollen-based vegetation and climate reconstructions. With the help of BIOME1, a global biogeographic equilibrium vegetation model, vegetation dynamics during the last interglacial (LI) period in the northern Asian region can be simulated. In the study, an alternative algorithm to calculate a moisture index (α) is implemented, and the vegetation is modelled for the optimum phase (125 ka BP) and the end of the LI period (115 ka BP). The simulations show an approximately 28% increase in the area occupied by forest biomes for the 125 ka BP time-slice and an approximately 14% decrease in forest-dominated areas around 115 ka BP in comparison to today. Compared to the present day, the tree-line for the 125 ka BP time-slice was located on average 4.05 ± 2.03° further north. Comparison of the modelled results with available pollen-based reconstructions shows that the simulated and reconstructed results for the optimum of the LI period are consistent. With both algorithms calculating the moisture index α, i.e. α1 and α2, the tree line shifts back (∼10 ± 4.4°) between the optimum and the end of the LI period. The area occupied by forest in both simulations had declined by an average of ∼42%. Furthermore, the data-model comparison shows that the modelling results obtained with the newly implemented moisture index are in slightly better agreement with the climate reconstructions

Ships, ports and particulate air pollution - an analysis of recent studies

The duration of use is usually significantly longer for marine vessels than for roadside vehicles. Therefore, these vessels are often powered by relatively old engines which may propagate air pollution. Also, the quality of fuel used for marine vessels is usually not comparable to the quality of fuels used in the automotive sector and therefore, port areas may exhibit a high degree of air pollution. In contrast to the multitude of studies that addressed outdoor air pollution due to road traffic, only little is known about ship-related air pollution. Therefore the present article aims to summarize recent studies that address air pollution, i.e. particulate matter exposure, due to marine vessels. It can be stated that the data in this area of research is still largely limited. Especially, knowledge on the different air pollutions in different sea areas is needed